425 pointsby zdwMar 26, 2026

48 Comments

zahlmanMar 26, 2026
Not a fan of the LLM-flavoured headings, and the tips seem like a real mixed bag (and it'd be nice to give credit specifically to the readline library where appropriate as opposed to the shell), but there are definitely a few things in here I'll have to play around with.

One thing I dislike about brace expansions is that they don't play nicely with tab completion. I'd rather have easy ways to e.g. duplicate the last token (including escaped/quoted spaces), and delete a filename suffix. And, while I'm on that topic, expand variables and `~` immediately (instead of after pressing enter).

ta8903Mar 26, 2026
Speaking of readline, I recently found out PowerShell has a readline mode (https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/psreadli...) and it works great.

As someone who works mostly in WSL and has to use PS occasionally, it really reduces the overhead of the context switch.

umanwizardMar 26, 2026
Readline is close enough to being part of bash that it’s not really inaccurate to call these all shell features imo.
integralidMar 26, 2026
Except not everyone uses bash shell - so it's not really accurate.
croemerMar 26, 2026
Not just the heading is LLM-flavoured. So is the writing, e.g. "The shell is a toolbox, not an obstacle course."
zahlmanMar 26, 2026
Yeah, there are a few of those, but overall there wasn't really enough prose in total to really irritate me. And those LLM-isms do come from somewhere, and I really do get the sense that some humans are effectively training themselves off of AI now.
aa-jvMar 26, 2026
My favourite shell trick is to comment my code:

  $ some_long_command -with -args -easily -forgotten # thatspecialthing
... Some weeks later ..

  $ CTRL-R<specialthing>
.. finds:

  $ some_long_command -with -args -easily -forgotten # thatspecialthing

Need to see all the special things you've done this week/whenever?

  $ history | grep "\#"
...

Makes for a definite return of sanity ..

senectus1Mar 26, 2026
omg >$ CTRL-R<specialthing>

I could kiss you.. this alone is amazing!

aa-jvMar 26, 2026
Yes indeed, it is very fun to discover this if you don't know it already, it expands your understanding of your shell life immensely, doesn't it?
fragmedeMar 26, 2026
http://atuin.sh adds a database to store history in and a custom app to use for lookup with added modes to help with searching.
000ooo000Mar 26, 2026
!?specialthing?

If you are feeling brave

skydhashMar 26, 2026
I don’t keep history. Any commands I think will be useful, I save it in a script.
scbrgMar 26, 2026
I once saw this pattern referred to as a bashtag, which I think was an excellent name (no matter if you actually run bash as your shell or not).
tetris11Mar 26, 2026
Never heard of instant truncate, nor `fc`, nor `Esc .`

Quite a few useful ones

chasilMar 26, 2026
A much larger base for ksh (as a pdksh descendent) is Android. OpenBSD is a tiny community in comparison, although Android has acquired code directly from OpenBSD, notably the C library.

The vi editing mode is always present in ksh, but is optional in dash. If present, the POSIX standard requires that "set -o vi" enable this mode, although other methods to enable it are not prohibited (such as inputrc for bash/readline), and as such is a "universal trick."

The article is relying on some Emacs mode, which is not POSIX.

$_ is not POSIX if I remember correctly.

History in vi mode is easier, just escape, then forward slash (or question mark) and the search term (regex?), then either "n" or "N" to search the direction or its reverse.

I've seen a lot of people who don't like vi mode, but its presence is the most deeply standardized.

fellertsMar 26, 2026
CTRL + W usually deletes everything until the previous whitespace, so it would delete the whole '/var/log/nginx/' string in OP's example. Alt + backspace usually deletes until it encounters a non-alphanumeric character.

Be careful working CTRL + W into muscle memory though, I've lost count of how many browser tabs I've closed by accident...

gryfftMar 26, 2026
Ctrl-Shift-T usually brings that tab right back at least
hejiraMar 26, 2026
In my terminal it's the exact opposite – Alt-Backspace deletes to the previous space, whereas Ctrl-W deletes to the last non-alphanumeric (such as /). I'm using fish shell in an Alacritty terminal.

Yeah, pressing Ctrl-W accidentially is a pain sometimes ... but Ctrl-Shift-T in Firefox is a godsend.

AerolfosMar 26, 2026
> Yeah, pressing Ctrl-W accidentially is a pain sometimes ... but Ctrl-Shift-T in Firefox is a godsend.

Fun fact: despite having absolutely no menu entry for it, and I believe not even a command available with Ctrl+Shift+P, Vscode supports Ctrl+Shift+T to re-open a closed tab. Discovered out of pure muscle memory.

dgrunwaldMar 26, 2026
It's a normal command called "View: Reopen Closed Editor".
figmertMar 26, 2026
> Be careful working CTRL + W into muscle memory though, I've lost count of how many browser tabs I've closed by accident...

This hurts.

Also, for the shell, if you do C+w, you can "paste" it back using C+y. Assuming you have not removed that configuration.

fainpulMar 26, 2026
Set $WORDCHARS accordingly. In your case, remove / from $WORDCHARS.

https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/726014

exceptioneMar 26, 2026
For the bash people

  stty werase undef
  bind '"\C-w": backward-kill-word'

source: https://superuser.com/questions/212446/binding-backward-kill...
fp64Mar 26, 2026
I've installed "More Better Ctrl-W" for Chromium, and mapped Ctrl-W to do nothing, and Ctrl-D to close the current tab
arcanemachinerMar 26, 2026
But how am I supposed to create or edit a bookmark?
sfinkMar 26, 2026
...which is why I recently went to about:keyboard and removed that hotkey. I love that page.

That, and Ctrl-N. No more forest of blank browser windows when using a terminal emulator in a web page!

(Firefox only)

oxag3nMar 26, 2026
Depends on the shell - bash on my Ubuntu deletes entire '/var/log/nginx/', while after switching to sh it deletes only nginx
themafiaMar 26, 2026
'man readline' contains all the useful key combinations.
Joker_vDMar 26, 2026
> The “Works (Almost) Everywhere” Club

> The Backspace Replacements

Also known as "emacs editing mode". Funnily enough, what POSIX mandates is the support for "vi editing mode" which, to my knowledge, almost nobody ever uses. But it's there in most shells, and you can enable it with "set -o vi" in e.g. bash.

ZeroGravitasMar 26, 2026
Vi mode is also available in Claude code and gemini-cli to give some recent examples, and a bunch of other places you might not expect it, as well the more obvious places where code is written.

Once you get used to it, it is painful to go back.

mr_mitmMar 26, 2026
My biggest complaint about the fish shell is the lack of true vi mode. They attempt to emulate it and it works to some degree, but it's no comparison to readline's implementation.
maleldilMar 26, 2026
You can always use Alt-E to open the command line in $EDITOR if you need more powerful commands. I find it better to use readline for small changes and jumping to vim for bigger ones.
umanwizardMar 26, 2026
Have you tried a recent version? An issue I opened about this years ago was finally closed, they claim it’s fixed now. I haven’t tried the purported fix, though.
mr_mitmMar 26, 2026
Yes. It has improved, but it's still not there, and probably never will be. See my reply to your sibling comment.
dunbMar 26, 2026
What is it lacking in your eyes that makes it not true? I find fish’s vi mode more ergonomically complete for things like editing multi-line commands
mr_mitmMar 26, 2026
Just pressing `xp` to swap two characters does not work in fish. Combining deletion with a movement also does not work (e.g. `d3w` to delete three words).
worksonmineMar 26, 2026
And if you set `set editing-mode vi` in ~/.inputrc (readline configuration) you'll have it in even more places.
voidUpdateMar 26, 2026
With ctrl+r, if you press it twice, it will autofill the search with whatever you last searched for. pressing it more will go back through the history. Been using that a lot recently when doing docker stuff. ctrl+r, type the container name, keep going until I get the compose build command. ctrl+r, ctrl+r, repeat until the log command. Then I can just mash ctrl+r to get the build and log commands. Ctrl+r is your friend. ctrl+r
arcanemachinerMar 26, 2026
Make sure to add fzf + shell integration for maximum Ctrl+r goodness.
ZeroGravitasMar 26, 2026
Also worth reading the intro to fzf search syntax.

https://junegunn.github.io/fzf/search-syntax.

The $ and bang and exact search are neat, but the bit at the bottom as to why `gadd` or `gas` is a better search for `git add something` than something with full words and spaces is a revelation when first using fzf.

tkocmathlaMar 26, 2026
I love this, from a comment on the article:

  He had in his path a script called `\#` that he used to comment out pipe elements like `mycmd1 | \# mycmd2 | mycmd3`. This was how the script was written:
 
  ```
  #!/bin/sh
  cat
  ```
internet_pointsMar 26, 2026
Yes! That one's going in my $PATH. Such a useful use of cat!
rgrauMar 26, 2026
A similar trick:

    #!/bin/sh
    $*
that's my `~/bin/noglob` file, so when I call a zsh script from bash that uses `noglob`, it doesn't blow up.
000ooo000Mar 26, 2026
What does it provide over

mycmd1 #| mycmd2

chriswarboMar 26, 2026
Theirs "turns off" one element of a pipeline; yours turns off everything after a certain point.

This will output the stdout of mycmd1:

    mycmd1 #| mycmd2 | mycmd3
This will output the stdout of mycmd3:

    mycmd1 | \# mycmd2 | mycmd3
mkoryakMar 26, 2026
Can you explain to me why either of these is useful?

I've somehow gotten by never really needing to pipe any commands in the terminal, probably because I mostly do frontend dev and use the term for starting the server and running prodaccess

agonsMar 26, 2026
I can imagine a pipeline where intermediate stages have been inserted to have some side effect, like debug logging all data passing through.
chriswarboMar 26, 2026
Pipelines are usually built up step by step: we run some vague, general thing (e.g. a `find` command); the output looks sort of right, but needs to be narrowed down or processed further, so we press Up to get the previous command back, and add a pipe to the end. We run that, then add something else; and so on.

Now let's say the output looks wrong; e.g. we get nothing out. Weird, the previous command looked right, and it doesn't seem to be a problem with the filter we just put on the end. Maybe the filter we added part-way-through was discarding too much, so that the things we actually wanted weren't reaching the later stages; we didn't notice, because everything was being drowned-out by irrelevant stuff that that our latest filter has just gotten rid of.

Tricks like this `\#` let us turn off that earlier filter, without affecting anything else, so we can see if it was causing the problem as we suspect.

As for more general "why use CLI?", that's been debated for decades already; if you care to look it up :-)

mzsMar 26, 2026
Wow I hate* that. I use bracket comments. They're cool cause they are bracket comments, so I use it in scripts to document pipelines. They are annoying cause they are bracket comments, in an interactive shell I have to type more and in TWO places. It's fun to reason-out how it works ;)

  $ echo foo | tr fo FO | sed 's/FOO/BAR/'
  BAR
  $ echo foo | ${IFS# tr fo FO | } sed 's/FOO/BAR/'
  foo
It's nice to have a way to both /* ... */ and // ... in shell scripts though:

  foo \
  | bar ${IFS Do the bar. Do it. } \
  | baz
* in the best possible way, like it's awful - I hate I didn't think of that
rgrauMar 26, 2026
for multiline pipes, it's WAY better to format like

    foo   |
      bar |
      baz 
You don't have to use backquotes, AND, it allows you to comment line by line, because there's no backslash messing with the parser.

I also use a last `|\ncat` so you can delete any line and you don't have to worry about the last line being a bit different than the rest

I created a list of similar tricks in https://github.com/kidd/scripting-field-guide in case anyone wants to take a look

talkinMar 26, 2026
> cd -: The classic channel-flipper. Perfect for toggling back and forth.

And not only cd. Gotta love 'git checkout -'

piekvorstMar 26, 2026
The '-' shortcut is weird. In 'git commit -F -', the '-' is actually /dev/stdin.
account42Mar 26, 2026
- is a pretty standard idiom for using stdin/stdout instead of a named file that you can find in many commands. I don't think it conflicts with the cd/checkout usage though as there the argument normally does not refer to a file so having - mean stdin/stdout doesn't make sense.
mpyneMar 26, 2026
`-` is the traditional shell way to refer to stdin/stdout (as with your git commit example) but also the traditional way to refer to the last directory you were in (as with git checkout/switch).

You would never pipe the output of a command to `cd` so the `-` shortcut couldn't be helpful to cd as-is. So rather than invent yet another shortcut to memorize for `cd` they reused the existing one which otherwise would be redundant, which I appreciate at least.

But git is simply being consistent with the shell to further reduce the cognitive complexity of reusing shell commands you're used to in analogous git contexts.

faangguyindiaMar 26, 2026
I just open, agent in tui, and ask it to do what I want and make a plan, i read the plan edit it and run it.

Simple, no need to learn any commandline these days.

I used to use arch and all, and managed many big projects. I find little value in learning new tools anymore, just feed it docs and it generated working plan most of the time

Now I've moved to coding in Haskell, which i find suits me better than wasting my time with cli and exploring what options all these cli tools have.

worksonmineMar 26, 2026
What is it like to be this proud of not learning the tools you use? Do you really think several paragraphs to an agent that may or may not be correct is the "easy" way compared to just checking the manual for the flag you want?

I will never understand people like you.

faangguyindiaMar 26, 2026
Tools are means to end.

They don't matter much to me.

chriswarboMar 26, 2026
I'm confused; how is writing a shell command (using shortcuts like those in the article!) "wasting time", but describing what you want to an LLM, having it make a plan, reading the plan, editing it, and running it is somehow not a waste of time?

You also mention there being "little value", when your proposed approach costs literal money in form of API/token usage (when using hosted models).

> Now I've moved to coding in Haskell

You might like https://hackage.haskell.org/package/turtle or http://nellardo.com/lang/haskell/hash/

ahmedfromtunisMar 26, 2026
Using the terminal becomes much more cozy and comfortable after I activate vim-mode.

A mistake 3 words earlier? No problem: <esc>3bcw and I'm good to go.

Want to delete the whole thing? Even easier: <esc>cc

I can even use <esc>v to open the command inside a fully-fledged (neo)vim instance for more complex rework.

If you use (neo)vim already, this is the best way to go as there are no new shortcuts to learn and memorize.

rzmmmMar 26, 2026
Oh wow I didn't know about this, thank you. The underlying feature is called "readline vi-mode" for folks who want to search more about it.
commandersakiMar 26, 2026
I've been a (n)vim user for 20+ years now, but I hate vi-mode in the shell. However if I feel that I need to do a complex command, I just do ctrl-x+e to open up in neovim (with EDITOR=nvim set). I find it a good middle ground.
sudonemMar 26, 2026
Agree.

I WANT to love it - and if I was only ever working on one, or a small number of systems that I was the only one working on I’d probably do it. I’m ALL about customizing my environment.

However ssh into various servers through the day (some of which are totally ephemeral), and having to code switch my brain back and forth between vim mode and emacs mode in the shell would just slow me down and be infuriating each time I connect to a new box.

xtiansimonMar 26, 2026
Huh. I don’t use vi-mode for more than jumping to the beginning or end of a line, which I like a lot.
irishcoffeeMar 26, 2026
You mean, like the “home” and “end” buttons?
wholinator2Mar 26, 2026
Yeah but those are so far away, i have to hunt for them every time
wbrdMar 26, 2026
I'm a vim user but in the shell I use Ctrl-a and Ctrl-e to get to the beginning and end. If I need more editing I use Ctrl-x Ctrl-e to hop into vim.
void-starMar 26, 2026
It really shines for navigating history. <esc>/ searches history the same way as the editor search function
umanwizardMar 26, 2026
C-a and C-e are your friend.
busfahrerMar 26, 2026
I'm the same and in my opinion this is the best of both worlds. Taking the time to learn some of the regular (emacs-style) shortcuts is one of the best investments I've ever done. Even just CTRL+Y and the likes.

edit: And of course, CTRL+R, the best time saver of all

void-starMar 26, 2026
It’s strange. I have heard this from lots of others too. I think I am an anomaly here. I can’t live without shell vi mode
fp64Mar 26, 2026
You're not alone, I heavily rely on vi mode and often struggle if I'm on someone else's machine and can't use it. I always wonder how you're supposed to work without it but I never dare to ask
Linux-FanMar 26, 2026
`set -o vi` is quickly typed in anger...
lenkiteMar 26, 2026
Same - shell vi mode is critical for intensive terminal sessions.
helterskelterMar 26, 2026
I used to hate it because I'd sometimes change modes without realizing it, but I began to appreciate it a lot more when I added a mode indicator -- a red 'N' on the rightmost side of the input line.
exceptioneMar 26, 2026

   <esc>3bcw
What is your keyboard layout? This looks like a crime against humanity on a regular qwerty kb.
sva_Mar 26, 2026
Instead of esc, type ctrl [
exceptioneMar 26, 2026
Does it help a lot? You've still got a three to type which is a crime, plus some letters, only to move 3 words. My typing skills are not great, but that sounds like an awful lot of work(?)

If I hit CTRL + ARROW_LEFT 3 times, I am done a lot faster I guess. But I am open to learn, do people really use that and achieve the goal significantly faster?

gsinclairMar 26, 2026
I don’t love vi-mode, but I’ll address your comment.

Many people these days, including yours truly, have caps-lock mapped to ctrl if held or esc if tapped. That’s good ergonomics and worth considering for any tech-savvy person.

Instead of the 3b I would type bbb (because I agree with you that typing numerals is a pain).

So (caps lock)bbbcw isn’t bad. It’s better than it looks, because if you’re a vim user then it’s just so automatic. “cw” feels like one atomic thing, not two keypresses.

And importantly, it doesn’t involve any chords.

roxolotlMar 26, 2026
I think it’s a difference in how people think. I can’t remember hotkeys. It just doesn’t compute. But with vim style bindings it’s much closer to writing a sentence. `3`, number of times, `b`, beginning of word, `c`, change, `w`, word. Yea it’s a lot. I cannot explain why it’s simpler for me to learn that than emacs style bindings but it is.
helterskelterMar 26, 2026
Obligatory:

Your Problem with vim is you don't grok vi

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1218390/what-is-your-mos...

sva_Mar 26, 2026
We're basically playing a game: if you have to leave homerow hand position, you've lost
ahmedfromtunisMar 26, 2026
I use qwerty and azerty, and in both I never felt typing the sequence was any harder than typing any other regular word. Generally speaking, I prefer sequential "shortcuts" then multikey bindings.
lenkiteMar 26, 2026
Remap Capslock to Esc. Possible in every OS now.
piekvorstMar 26, 2026
This reminds me of an excerpt from an old Emacs manual:

    . . . if you forget which commands deal with windows, just type @b[ESC-?]@t[window]@b[ESC].
This weird command is presented with such a benevolent innocence as if it's the simplest thing in the world.

I think the better advice for command-line editing would be to set up the mouse.

JadeNBMar 26, 2026
> This weird command is presented with such a benevolent innocence as if it's the simplest thing in the world.

I think it's a question of context and familiarity. To a vim user, like me and, I assume, ahmedfromtunis, their examples do indeed seem simple and natural. Presumably, to an emacs user, the example you quote (if it's quoted literally—I don't use emacs and can't even tell) is just as natural, and assuming some comfort with emacs is presumably OK in a manual for the software!

OryginMar 26, 2026
> assuming some comfort with emacs is presumably OK in a manual for the software!

How do you get familiar with the software, if the manual expects you to be an expert in it already?

umanwizardMar 26, 2026
Not sure if it did at the time, but today emacs comes with a tutorial. You’re not expected to learn it by starting on page 1 of the manual.
OryginMar 26, 2026
Why not? I expect to learn how to use a software by reading its manual.
umanwizardMar 26, 2026
Surely you can still do that, but starting with the tutorial will be easier and more efficient.
Pay08Mar 26, 2026
By reading introductory material.
noisy_boyMar 26, 2026
I got familiar with vi by reading a book that had the main vi commands listed out. First learnt how to quit without saving changes, the rest was just practice.
matthew-craigMar 26, 2026
The example confusingly includes some weird markup. It's just saying press `ESC-?` then type "window" to search for window commands. These isn't even valid in modern Emacs. The equivalent is `C-h` followed by `a` then type "window".
mikkupikkuMar 26, 2026
I have yet to see a shell that has mouse enabled line editing support. It should certainly be possible though.

I do prefer vi bindings at the same time though. Vi bindings and mouse support complement each other well, you don't have to choose one or the other, just use whichever feels most natural and convenient in that exact moment.

penguin_boozeMar 26, 2026
> <esc>cc

Doing control+o in insert mode temporarily places you into normal mode so that you can execute one normal-mode command, and then go back to insert mode again--no need to hit 'i' again.

So, instead of '<esc>cc', '<c-o>S'.

ahmedfromtunisMar 26, 2026
The vim version is much easier, if you ask me: 3 strokes, 2 keys and 0 combinations.

The one you suggest however requires 4 strokes (ctrl then o then shift then s), 4 keys (ctrl, o, shift, s) and 2 combinations.

The "cc" sequence deletes the line and switches automatically to insert mode. To forgo the switch, the sequence then becomes "dd".

ratrocketMar 26, 2026
Maybe I have my bash/readline vi mode configured specially to do this, but if I want to delete the entire line and type a new one (from anywhere in that line), I do something simpler than either of these alternatives:

<esc>S

Esc exits insert mode (of course) and capital S erases the line and puts you in insert mode at column 0 (just like in (n)vim, right?).

Like I said, maybe I configured that? But 'S' is standard vim-stuff... (I'm not able to double check my config at the moment).

[Edit: right after hitting submit I realized that my way is perhaps "arguably" simpler because I do have to hit shift to get capital S. So I'm also hitting three keys...]

maleldilMar 26, 2026
<c-o>S is also a vim sequence. The equivalent readline/emacs is <c-e><c-u> or <c-a><c-k>, or just <c-u> or <c-k> if you're already at the end/start of the line.
soraminazukiMar 26, 2026
Or just <C-u> in insert mode. <C-u> and <C-w> are standard Vim insert mode commands.

https://vimhelp.org/insert.txt.html#i_CTRL-U

ruptwelveMar 26, 2026
The <esc>v has been such a lifesaver at times when having to execute/modify super complex commands!
nidnoggMar 26, 2026
I've been a vim/nvim casual user for the past year or two, and I still feel as if I'm slightly less proficient in it for the amount of time that I put into it.

I really need to get around to playing with it more. I just hope that especially now with genAI that it's not too late for learning it further.

dbtcMar 26, 2026
I use vim a lot but not on the shell

A mistake 3 words earlier?

meta-bbbd (not as elegant, I admit)

delete the whole thing?

ctrl-ak (this is even quicker than vim, especially if capslock is mapped to ctrl)

the control-based emacs movements work system-wide on macos btw. I am using ctrl-p and ctrl-n to go up and down lines, ctrl-a and ctrl-e to go to beginning and end of lines while writing this comment in by browser (which has vimium extension)

Sometimes I wish vim just had full emacs bindings while in insert mode. But I don't like to mess with defaults too much.

I keep thinking I should give vim readline a try though, so maybe today. Thanks for the comment.

ta8903Mar 26, 2026
Something that should be mentioned is starting a command with a space doesn't add it to your history in most shells, really useful for one-off commands that you don't want cluttering your history.

Also, increase your `$HISTSIZE` to more than you think you would need, there have been cases where it helped me find some obscure command I ran like 3 years before.

account42Mar 26, 2026
HISTCONTROL=erasedups can also help keeping more obscure commands in your history, at the expense of context around commands.
vdmMar 26, 2026
Ctrl-r works well at searching character trigrams, which can include space. Trigrams without space work well with auto_resume=substring .

`| sudo tee file` when current user does not have permission to >file

ameliusMar 26, 2026
What confuses me is that Ctrl+Y "yank" means the opposite of what it means in Vim. Certainly does not help with keeping my sanity.
antiframeMar 26, 2026
It all depends on your perspective.

Are you yanking into your kill ring or yanking out of your kill ring? I had trouble with yanking and killing until I realized the complement to yanking, killing, only makes sense in the into-the-kill-ring" direction, so yanking must be out of the kill ring.

When I use vim, which I don't think has a kill ring but registers, I think I am yanking into a register and then pasting from a register later.

So, just ask yourself this: "are you using a kill ring or register to store your text?" and the answer becomes clear.

alex_smartMar 26, 2026
That is because the terminology (and the keybindings) come from the Emacs tradition, not vim. Most shells come with “vim mode” as well, but at least in my experience, the dual mode editing paradigm of does not feel like a good fit for the shell.
hikarudoMar 26, 2026
One trick I use all the time:

You're typing a long command, then before running it you remember you have to do some stuff first. Instead of Ctrl-C to cancel it, you push it to history in a disabled form.

Prepend the line with # to comment it, run the commented line so it gets added to history, do whatever it is you remembered, then up arrow to retrieve the first command.

$ long_command

<Home, #>

$ #long_command

<Enter>

$ stuff_1 $ stuff_2

<Up arrow a few times>

$ #long_command

<home, del>

$ long_command

fragmedeMar 26, 2026
Fwiw, in Bash, alt-shift-3 will prepend the current command with # and start a new command.
j4cobgarbyMar 26, 2026
More generally, it's alt-#. On an ISO (e.g. UK) keyboard layout, shift-3 isn't a hash.
gvalkovMar 26, 2026
In zsh you can bind "push-line-or-edit". In bash and all readline programs, you can approximate it with C-u followed by C-y (i.e. cut and paste). My history is still full of '#' and ':' (csh trauma) prefixed command-lines like you described though ...
idoubtitMar 26, 2026
You missed an easier alternative that was in the article: ctrl-u saves and clears the current line, then you can input new commands, then use ctrl-y to yank the saved command.

With zsh, I prefer to use alt-q which does this automatically (store the current line, display a new prompt, then, after the new command is sent, restore the stored line). It can also stack the paused commands, e.g.:

$ cp foo/bar dest/ <alt-q>

$ wcurl -o foo/bar "$URL" <alt-q>

$ mkdir foo <enter> <enter> <enter>

quijoteunivMar 26, 2026
Guilty as charged
nasretdinovMar 26, 2026
I'd advise against using sudo !! though since it adds the command to history and then it's very easy to accidentally trigger, running some undesired command as root without any prior confirmation. IMO pressing up, Ctrl-A and typing "sudo " isn't much longer but saves you from running unknown commands as root by accident
000ooo000Mar 26, 2026
I have a bash key binding, Ctrl+Y, that prepends sudo to the current command and submits it. I also don't use sudo-rs. No one has died yet.
kgwxdMar 26, 2026
Decades ago, i used a small dns host. I wanted to switch a personal site and they just couldn't get the final step of the transfer to work. A ton of "try now" emails spanning several weeks.

Then one day, I was trying to setup MySQL on a personal Linux machine, and it wouldn't let me use my "standard password" for the admin account. I knew I could just use a different one, but I really wanted to know what the problem was. Took a long time, and I don't remember how I figured it out, but I eventually tracked it to the password ending with '!!'.

It took a while to put it together, and I never confirmed with the dns host support it's what fixed the issue but, I changed my password there, tried the transfer again, and it worked without any help from support. I suspect my plaintext password played some part in a script used in the transfer process, and was outputting the previous command in place of the !! I wish I had asked them if that was it, but if it was, they would have to admit to having my plain text password, or lie about it.

cocotoMar 26, 2026
Prepend your command with a space and now your command is not saved in the history.
sltkrMar 26, 2026
That depends on the shell configuration.

On bash, you can achieve this by setting HISTCONTROL=ignorespace but that's not the default.

em-beeMar 26, 2026
i never found !! useful at all when i can just use up arrow to get the entry i want. it becomes more interesting when you can recall older commands, but then too i prefer search because i want to verify what command i am going to run.

and i only use sudo to open a root shell. never to run anything directly. i don't want normal and root commands mixed in the same history.

i could keep sudo commands out of the history, but then i don't have any history for stuff done as root.

with tmux i can switch terminals easily, so i am also not tempted to run things as root that i shouldn't despite having a root shell open.

bandie91Mar 26, 2026
> i want to verify what command i am going to run.

shopt -s histverify

shopt -s histreedit

i dont know why they are not the default.

commandersakiMar 26, 2026
My favourite trick is either commenting out a whole command or placing a comment at the end of a command to make it easier to find in my persistent history (thanks eliben) [0], using the # character.

I tried this in zsh and it wasn't the default behaviour which immediately made me nope from the shell altogether, among all the other quirks. I've just been using bash for far too long to switch to something different.

[0] https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2013/06/11/keeping-persistent-...

ameliusMar 26, 2026
What I hate is that if you start a command with a space it is not recorded in the history. This happens often when copy+pasting commands. I know you can turn it off but still ... this drives me mad.
frou_dhMar 26, 2026
AFAIK that setting is opt-in, at least in Bash.
joombagaMar 26, 2026
Yeah but some operating systems have HISTIGNORE in (or sourced from) their skeleton files.
prodigycorpMar 26, 2026
There's one thing you need to only think about once, and has the potential to save you a ton of time: profile your ZSH startup time!

Stuff like NVM or Oh My ZSH will add a few seconds to your shell startup time.

sva_Mar 26, 2026
I can recommend powerlevel10k with instant prompt enabled.

https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k

chrisweeklyMar 26, 2026
good call

if you care about perf, fnm is better/faster/cleaner than nvm. (also, mise is able to manage "all the things", not just node)

IME omzsh slowness usu relates to overloading it w plugins, which I've never found a need for...

wewtyflakesMar 26, 2026
Agreed. I lazy-load NVM to get around that:

  lazy_nvm() {
    unset -f nvm node npm npx
    [ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && . "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"
  }
  nvm()  { lazy_nvm; nvm "$@"; }
  node() { lazy_nvm; node "$@"; }
  npm()  { lazy_nvm; npm "$@"; }
  npx()  { lazy_nvm; npx "$@"; }
exceptioneMar 26, 2026
I didn't know the `ALT + .` trick to repeat the last argument, but what is even more neat (and not mentioned in the article) is that it cycles through your history. At least it does in my shell.
keyboredMar 26, 2026
> We’ve all been there.

Close tab.

I ought to migrate away from shell scripting and just keep the shell for interactive use. Unfortunately I have cursed myself by getting competent-ish with P. shell and Bash scripting. Meaning I end up creating maintenance headaches for my future self.

(Echoes of future self: ... so I asked an LLM to migrate my shell scripts to Rust and)

Anyway with the interactive shell stuff. Yeah the I guess Readline features are great. And beyond that I can use the shortcut to open the current line in an editor and get that last mile of interactivity when I want it. I don’t really think I need more than that?

I tried Vim mode in Bash but there didn’t seem to be a mode indicator anywhere. So dropped that.

Edit: I just tested in my Starship.rs terminal: `set -o vi`. Then I got mode indicators. Just with a little lag.

joombagaMar 26, 2026
You can use `set vi-ins-mode-string` and `set vi-cmd-mode-string` in .inputrc to get indicators in readline, and you can add them to your prompt with a bit more work: https://superuser.com/questions/1466222/move-vi-mode-string-...
piekvorstMar 26, 2026
Is it just me, or is it an LLM language? The article tries very hard to be correct but somehow lacks experience.

I've never used the majority of these tricks for decades, except for brace expansion, process substitutions, and complex redirections.

xeyowntMar 26, 2026
I knew many of these tricks, but learned many new tricks I didn't know and looks very useful (like you can do Ctrl-Y after an Ctrl-U, the 'reset' or 'disown' thing).

Regarding experience, I'm also struck by how many "experienced" engineers are just clueless with the keyboard.

codeinredMar 26, 2026
I think the keybinding suggestions are really nice. My shell is configured by default such that Alt+Left and Alt+Right move by a word, but having things that work out of the box, basically always, is really useful whenever I need to do things inside a docker container
fzeindlMar 26, 2026
My header on top of every script

            #!/usr/bin/env bash
            set -eEuo pipefail
            # shellcheck disable=SC2034
            DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
            #######################################################
TacticalCoderMar 26, 2026
Wait... Most of my shell scripts have zero unused variables: I prefer to comment them if I may need them later on.

Why do you disable SC2034?

I don't think not having unused variables prevent me from doing things in my scripts!?

I understand if it's a preference but SC2034 is basically one of my biggest timesavers: in my case unused variables are typically a bug. Except, maybe, ANSI coloring variables at the top of the script.

fzeindlMar 26, 2026
I disable it only for the DIR variable which I might not use.
a-french-anonMar 26, 2026
I'd suggest `pwd -P` to resolve symlinks too. (if you use DIR to call/source neighbouring scripts).
tehMar 26, 2026
Another useful "Emergency exit" is CTRL+Z which stops the process and cannot be intercepted.

It's often faster than hitting CTRL+C and waiting for process cleanup, especially when many resources are used. Then you can do e.g. `kill -9 $(jobs -p)` to kill the stopped tasks.

drzaiusx11Mar 26, 2026
ctrl-z pauses the process, it doesn't terminate. I think of z as in zombie as you can then run fg to bring it back from paused state or as you suggested kill in it for good
dasyatidprimeMar 26, 2026
All of the keyboard-driven terminal signals can be intercepted; catching INT (^C) for cleanup is just more common than the others. Only KILL and STOP cannot be caught.

^Z sends TSTP (not STOP, though they have the same default behavior) to suspend; some programs catch this to do terminal state cleanup before re-raising it to accept the suspension. Catching it to do full backout doesn't make as much sense because the program anticipates being resumed.

^\ sends QUIT, which normally causes a core dump and is rarely caught. If you have core dumps disabled (via ulimit -c 0 or other system configuration) then you can often use it as a harder version of ^C; this is how I would tend to get out of ‘sl’ in places where I found it unwantedly installed.

egorfineMar 26, 2026
I'm using bash for over 30 years and I still find new things. Nice.
elricMar 26, 2026
Regarding history: I have a function in my ZSH config which excludes certain things from the history. Especially things that can break stuff when my sausage fingers CTRL-R the wrong thing

Something like this:

    # Prevent certain strings from appearing in the history
    # Anything starting with a leading space is ignored
    # Anything containing "--force" or "whatever" is ignored
    function zshaddhistory() {
      emulate -L zsh
      if ! [[ "$1" =~ "(^ |--force|whatever)" ]] ; then
          print -sr -- "${1%%$'\n'}"
          fc -p
      else
          return 1
      fi
    }
rgrauMar 26, 2026
That's very cool!

To take advantage of the "leading space" one, I have this, to mark some commands that I never want to record:

       unhist () {
         alias $1=" $1"
       }
       unhist unhist
       unhist fzf
       unhist rghist     #custom command that greps .zhistory,...
0xcb0Mar 26, 2026
I've been using a lot of key combinations and I wasn't aware of these two, and I really think these are awesome additions to handling the console. Thank you for showing me. I've only been using it for 22 years, but I haven't come across these :D

`CTRL + U and CTRL + K CTRL + W`

What I like about these key combinations is that they are kind of universal. A lot of programs on Linux and Mac support all these key combinations out of the box. And that's like a game changer in productivity, especially jumping to the start or the end of the line or jumping forward and backward per word is making working only with the keyboard so much more nice. And in editors together so AVY, you can even get a faster flow of jumping around.

antiframeMar 26, 2026
Yes, those are shortcuts used in the GNU readline library, which many programs use whenever they need to read lines of text interactively from their operators. Notable examples are (most) shells, (most) interpreters, and tools like ftp, fzf, etc.

Notably, these keybindings are it's default map, which comes from the GNU's project editor Emacs. But, there is also the POSIX-compliant, but not-default, editing mode based on Bill Joy's visual editor (vi).

williamcottonMar 26, 2026
Undo:

  Ctrl + _ (Ctrl + underscore)
bandie91Mar 26, 2026
it did not work for me in putty, so i added ctrl-x + ctrl-u too:

  bind '"\C-x\C-u": undo'
  bind '"\C-_": undo'
alberto-mMar 26, 2026
One thing I find life-changing is to remap the up arrow so that it does not iterates through all commands, but only those starting with the characters I have already written. So e.g. I can type `tar -`, then the up arrow, and get the tar parameters that worked last time.

In zsh this is configured with

    bindkey "^[OA" up-line-or-beginning-search # Up
    bindkey "^[OB" down-line-or-beginning-search # Down
heresie-dabordMar 26, 2026
> life-changing

For further life-changing experience... add aliases to .bash_aliases

    alias gph='history | grep --colour -i '
    alias gpc='grep --colour -Hin '
    #if gnu time is installed
    alias timef='/usr/bin/time -f "tm %E , cpu %P , mem %M" '
TacticalCoderMar 26, 2026
I've got many like these I copied from various people over the years.

One I came up and that I use all the time:

    alias wl='wc -l'
I use it so much I sometimes forget it's not stock.
bwhaleyMar 26, 2026
Once you start using CTRL+r, you may find that you never reach for up arrow again.
kuschkufanMar 26, 2026
And once you want to one-up this look into fzf.
nidnoggMar 26, 2026
And once you get tired of fzf and want something better, you reach for https://atuin.sh.

Completely transformed all of my workflows

seedieMar 26, 2026
From the atuin.sh website

> Sync your shell history to all of your machines

I think of my shell history as very machine specific. Can you give some insights on how you benefit from history sync? If you use it.

CyphusMar 26, 2026
That feature is entirely optional and disabled by default. Atuin stores your shell history locally in a sqlite db regardless of whether you choose to sync it. I thought fzf was fast, but atuin makes it look slow by comparison.
foobarianMar 26, 2026
Same, I find shared history not very useful.

However what I do find useful is eternal history. It's doable with some .bashrc hacks, and slow because it's file based on every command, but:

- never delete history

- associate history with a session token

- set separate tokens in each screen, tmux, whatever session

- sort such that backward search (ctrl-R) hits current session history first, and the rest second

Like half my corporate brain is in a 11M history file at this point, going back years.

What I would love is to integrate this into the shell better so it's using sqlite or similar so it doesn't feel "sluggish." But even now the pain is worth the prize.

fragmedeMar 26, 2026
You don't have to setup shared history with Atuin if you don't want to and that's what's holding you back. Otherwise it hits the rest of your requirements. Just don't hesitate to change from the default config.
commandersakiMar 26, 2026
I just want to give a perspective of someone that uses the 'eternal history' in bash per Eli Bandersky [1] and reluctance to use something like atuin (without/ignoring shared history).

First, as for speed and responsiveness, if there is a degradation, it is imperceptible to me. I wouldn't have a clue that my interactive shell is slowing down because it is logging a command to ~/.persistent_history.

My persistent_history is 4MB and has been migrated from machine to machine as I've upgraded, it's never felt slow to edit with (neo)vim or search with system supplied grep.

Eli's way of doing it also includes the timestamps for all commands, so it's easy to trace back when I had run the command, and duplicates are suppressed. In fact my longest persistent_history goes back to 2019-07-04, so I've been using it for quite some time now.

But the larger point I wanted to make is that I wouldn't feel comfortable switching this, in my opinion, quite efficient setup to displace it with an sqlite database. That would require a special tool to drill through the history and search rendering simple unix utilities useless. As Eli suggested, if your history gets too big, simply rotate the file and carry on. I have the alias phgrep to grep ~/.persistent_history, but I can easily have another alias to grep ~/.persistent_history*.

[1]: https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2013/06/11/keeping-persistent-...

__MatrixMan__Mar 26, 2026
1. work on a project on host_foo in /home/user/src/myproject

2. clone it on host_bar in /home/user/src/myproject

If you set filter_mode = "directory", you can recall project specific commands from host_foo for use on host_bar even though you're working on different machines and the search space won't be cluttered with project specific commands for other projects.

pavel_lishinMar 26, 2026
I'm familiar with ctrl-r, but I still very much like the up-arrow behavior described by that commenter.
flirMar 26, 2026
Looking at it from a "law of least surprise" angle, it's exactly how it should behave.

"I typed 'cd di↑' and you're giving me 'pwd'??"

BeetleBMar 26, 2026
There is a difference, I believe. Doesn't Ctrl+r do a substring search instead?
imglorpMar 26, 2026
Yes it's different: it will match anywhere in the previous command lines.
noisy_boyMar 26, 2026
export EDITOR=vi and then hitting Esc puts you into vi mode; k, j to move up/down through history or pressing / to search etc including using regex is all available.
soraminazukiMar 26, 2026
Prefix search is faster for the majority of cases. CTRL-r / FZF is useful for the remaining ones.
n8henrieMar 26, 2026
Did this many years ago (but with bash) -- life changing is an apt way of saying it.
account42Mar 26, 2026
Here's the Bash commands for this in case anyone is looking for them

  bind '"\e[A"':history-search-backward
  bind '"\e[B"':history-search-forward
moebrowneMar 26, 2026
This can also be achieved with `.inputrc`:

    "\e[A": history-search-backward
    "\e[B": history-search-forward
TacticalCoderMar 26, 2026
That's a nice one.

One thing I do is configure my keyboard so that "modifier+{ijkl}" mimicks the inverted T arrows key cluster. So there's never a need for me to reach for the arrow keys. And {ijk} makes more sense than vi's {hjkl} and is faster/more logical/less key fingers travel. The nice thing is: as I do this at the keyboard level, this works in every single map. "modifier" in my case is "an easily reachable key in a natural hand position on which my left thumb is always resting" but YMMV.

I set that up years ago and it works in every app: it's gorgeous. Heck, I'm using it while editing this very message for example.

And of course it composes with SHIFT too: it's basically arrow keys, except at the fingers' natural positions.

BeetleBMar 26, 2026
Heh. I've done this since forever, but I use PgUp and PgDn so I can retain the original meaning of the up arrow key.
dsp_personMar 26, 2026
When I was on ubuntu it was easy to uncomment a couple lines in /etc/inputrc for this
hebelehubeleMar 26, 2026
This is the default `fish` shell behavior. Type anything, up/down keys to iterate through full commands that containing the term; alt + up/down to iterate through args containing the term.
sureglymopMar 26, 2026
I agree it's a game changer! For bash to do the same I put this in my .inputrc:

    ## arrow up
    "\e[A":history-search-backward
    ## arrow down
    "\e[B":history-search-forward
FishkinsMar 26, 2026
I do something similar. I leave up and down arrows alone, but have ctrl+p and ctrl+n behave as you describe.
ruptwelveMar 26, 2026
Maybe not a shell trick per-se but I have been a very big fan of zoxide. It can jump around your common directories. If you have a ~/workspace/projects and you are anywhere and type `cd projects` it will take you to that directory. I never realized how much I got hooked onto it, until I used a system without it.
llarssonMar 26, 2026
Built in functionality that may offer something similar:

https://linuxhandbook.com/cdpath/

TheServitorMar 26, 2026
great list but really overboard on the AI generated persona
void-starMar 26, 2026
set -o vi

<esc> puts you into vi mode at the cli prompt with all the semantics of the editor.

These carpal tunnel riddled hands can’t be bothered to reach for ctrl or alt let alone arrow keys.

cess11Mar 26, 2026
If you aren't aware already, you can put 'setxkbmap -option ctrl:swapcaps' in one of your startup config files, like .bashrc or somesuch. That flips left CTRL and CAPS LOCK.
coopykinsMar 26, 2026
My favourite QoL improvement to any shell I use is to improve the history function(Ctlr+R)I personally like https://github.com/cantino/mcfly
WalfMar 26, 2026
The utility of $_ is often voided by tab-completion in the subsequent command, at least in bash. You won't know what it contains, which makes it dangerous, unless you first check it in a way that also carries it forwards:

printf %s\\n "$_"

fp64Mar 26, 2026
Here's my favorite tip: If you use bash, you can write bash on your prompt (duh). But this is one of the biggest reasons I stick with bash everywhere, as I am quite comfortable and experienced in bash and sometimes it's just easier to write things like `for i in *.mp3; do ffmpeg -i $i ...` etc. If it's re-usable, I write it to a bash script later.
integralidMar 26, 2026
That's vaccously true as you said isn't it? I write fish on my shell and then I can save it as a fish script. Worth noting that bash is much more portable and available by default, but if I'm going for portability I go straight to /bin/sh
fp64Mar 26, 2026
Fair point, but for scripting I don't feel fish (or zsh) offer an advantage big enough to bother learning that language with their rather narrow scope. But bash it's good to anyways know, you don't really get around it either. Larger/more complex scripts I write in other languages (depending on domain I and other requirements I guess). It's also not that I daily write those scripts on my shell, so I also think that even if I learned fish or zsh, I would have to look up things again every time I need to write something again.
martinflackMar 26, 2026
I use `!!` quite a bit to repeat the output of the prior command as an argument.

    # it's in my PATH but can't remember where
    which myscript
    vi `!!`
kleibaMar 26, 2026
Just recently, I came up with this in my .bashrc, basically a "deep cd" command:

    dcd() {
        # If no argument is given, do nothing
        [ -z "$1" ] && return

        # Find the first matching directory under the current directory
        local dir
        dir=$(find . -type d -path "*$1*" -print -quit 2>/dev/null)

        # If a directory was found, cd into it
        [ -n "$dir" ] && cd "$dir"
    }
I thought this would be way too slow for actual use, but I've come to love it.
cipritomMar 26, 2026
you should look into autojump which has `jc` (jump child), or other similar flavours of "smart cd" (z, fzf, etc)
kleibaMar 26, 2026
Thanks, but I like that this is just a small, simple bash function without the need to install 3rd-party software.
SoftTalkerMar 26, 2026
I knew most of these but the $_ variable and "ESC + ." to reference or insert the last argument of the previous command. I can see getting some use out of that, so thanks for posting.
t312227Mar 26, 2026
or - as an alternative to <esc> + ".":

for the last argument

* <alt> + "."

if you want the -<n>th argument:

* <alt> + "_" # n times :=)

* <alt> + "."

cheers a..z

arttaboiMar 26, 2026
"cd -" is a lifesaver. Thank you so much for this.
gchamonliveMar 26, 2026
For me the ultimate trick is to open the current prompt in vim with F2 (Ctrl+X ctrl+E seems to work too):

  # Use F2 to edit the current command line:
  autoload -U edit-command-line
  zle -N edit-command-line
  bindkey '^[OQ' edit-command-line  # f2 is ^[OQ; to double check, run `xargs` and then press f2
chinadataMar 26, 2026
only the people do not use pageup and pagedown is who really know how to use shell
olejorgenbMar 26, 2026
Do yourself a favor and upgrade your history search with fzf shell integration (or similar): https://youtu.be/u-qLj4YBry0?t=223 / https://junegunn.github.io/fzf/shell-integration/
scuff3dMar 26, 2026
Great write up, had to bookmark so I can go through it more later there so much good stuff in there.

For the CTRL + R tip, you can make it even better if you install fzf. Massively improves searching through history. It's worth the install just for that one feature.

Best thing I ever did as a dev was start spending more time in the terminal. Getting familiar with the tools and how they interact makes life so much easier.

rdevillaMar 26, 2026
set -o vi
thibranMar 26, 2026
Its almost ironical that we still use the Terminal - and many use it like in the eighties using Bash - and seem to have forgotten that we should invent a better terminal & shell than doing all the workarounds to handle the quirks of the current systems.
mmh0000Mar 26, 2026
Make a better system, and we'll consider using it.

A Terminal + Bash/ZSH is soooo sticky because they are VERY good at what they do once you learn the basics and quirks. And now with LLMs, CLIs are even better because LLMs talk in text and CLIs talk in text.

Microsoft tried with PowerShell to design a better system; it "technically" is better, but not "better enough" to justify the cost of switching (on Linux). The same is true of nushell; it is "better", but not better enough to justify switching for most people.

I believe we're at "peak input method" until someone invents Brain<->Computer interfaces.

MattGrommesMar 26, 2026
If only somebody had a lifehack for making me remember all these awesome commands.

If I do something the slow way it's usually because I don't do the operation enough to burn it into my memory, or I got burned by accidentally hitting something close but incorrect once and closed the tab or something.

w-llMar 26, 2026
post-it note until you dont need it anymore
shigawireMar 26, 2026
I hate to be the AI guy, but a coach that lived in my terminal and corrected me when I do it the slow way would actually help.
stormedMar 26, 2026
You'll look like the coolest person in the office running `sudo !!`. Another personal favorite of mine is using the --now flag for systemctl to enable & start a service in one command (i.e `systemctl enable --now nginx`)