Didn't find anything on falsifiable criteria -- any new theory should be able, at least in theory, to be tested for being not true.
ForceBru•Feb 7, 2026
Isn't this his personal blog? The domain name is "stephenwolfram.com", this is his personal website. Of course there will be "I"'s and "me"'s — this website is about him and what he does.
As for falsifiability:
> You have some particular kind of rule. And it looks as if it’s only going to behave in some particular way. But no, eventually you find a case where it does something completely different, and unexpected.
So I guess to falsify a theory about some rule you just have to run the rule long enough to see something the theory doesn't predict.
uwagar•Feb 7, 2026
he be the trump of his new kinda science world.
SanjayMehta•Feb 7, 2026
That's his style. It's not just his blog style, it's the same in his book.
Some things, like the foundations of mathematics, are not falsifiable.
You judge them by how useful they are.
Ruliology is a bit like that.
andyjohnson0•Feb 7, 2026
Sure, but everyone always says that. What do you think of what he wrote about?
chvid•Feb 7, 2026
I am struggling to understand what is new here - other than the word ruliad - which to me seems to similar to what we have in theoretical computer science when we talk about languages, sentences, and grammars.
elric•Feb 7, 2026
It's just Wolfram explaining how he likes stuying things that can be describe by simple rules and how complexity can emerge in spite of (or because of?) the seeming simplicity of those rules. He came up with a word for it, and while I think "ruliology" sounds a bit silly, it does say what's on the tin.
But maybe it is more like fractals and emerging complex systems?
TuringTest•Feb 7, 2026
The word he's looking for is "formal system".
For some reason he doesn't like doing mathematical demonstrations so he shuns the practice of doing them, and invented a new word to describe that way of using formal systems.
This looks very exciting but wolfram language being paywalled makes me super sad I can't play around with it
ForceBru•Feb 7, 2026
The Wolfram Engine (essentially the Wolfram Language interpreter/execution environment) is free: https://www.wolfram.com/engine/. You can download it and run Wolfram code.
But exactly what is the problem here? Other than perhaps a very mechanical view of the universe (which he shares with many other authors) where it is hard to explain things like consciousness and other complex behaviors.
jacquesm•Feb 7, 2026
With Wolfram it is usually the grandstanding and taking credit for other people's work. Inventing new words for old things is part and parcel of that. He has a lot in common with Schmidhuber, both are arguably very smart people but the fact that other people can be just as smart doesn't seem to fit their worldview.
gritspants•Feb 7, 2026
He may be smarter than I am, but I'm smart enough to tell that he's not nearly as smart as he thinks he is.
psychoslave•Feb 7, 2026
And you were smart enough to verbalize this in a neat short humble sentence, a remarkable feat, bravo!
PaulRobinson•Feb 7, 2026
I actually think this is just computer science. Why? Because the first "computer scientist" - Alan Turing - was interested in this exact same set of ideas.
The first programs he wrote for the Atlas and the Mark II ("the Baby"), seem to have been focused on a theory he had around how animals got their markings.
They look a little to me (as a non-expert in these areas, and reading them in a museum over about 15 minutes, not doing a deep analysis), like a primitive form of cellular automata algorithm. From the scrawls on the print outs, it's possible that he was playing with the space of algorithms not just the algorithms themselves.
It might be worth going back and looking at that early work he did and seeing it through this lens.
The idea iiuc, is that pattern formation in animals depends on molecules diffusing through the growing system (the body) and reacting where the waves of molecules overlap.
Kim_Bruning•Feb 7, 2026
To me , the 1952 paper is very important, since it shows up in theoretical biology a lot. Seeing generality at all these different emergence levels is really exciting to me. (and it makes me sad when others don't see it). Can you imagine? Set up a few gradients, and now you have coordinates. Put all the bits where they're supposed to go like uhhh... GLSL sort of loosly fits. How cool is THAT?
More recently I've gotten into all sorts of debates on HN by people who like Searle. Often the argument goes "Turing is all wrong, he knows nothing about biology."
Turns out towards the end of his life he was applying his knowledge to biology. Most of which experimentally verified, besides!
(ps. just to be sure: Never wondered how DNA encodes the trick? You started out as a clump of cells, all the same. How did one part decide to become the tip of your nose, and the other the tips of your toes? Segmentation controlled by Turing patterns all the way down!)
amiga386•Feb 7, 2026
> How did one part decide to become the tip of your nose, and the other the tips of your toes?
And that's my point; it's okay to create new names for sub-disciplines, as Wolfram is doing here. Because that's what we have been doing since the days of Aristotle.
It's starting to sound an awful lot like a Ruligion.
throwaway132448•Feb 7, 2026
Surprised it’s not called Wolfrology. This man is ego personified - not reading.
ahartmetz•Feb 7, 2026
If you want other people to name something after you, you have to give it a name they have reason to replace.
andyjohnson0•Feb 7, 2026
> not reading
Respectfully, I think that is a mistake.
Yes, he frequently exhibits an ego the size of Jupiter. But he is very smart†, and he writes well, and this stuff that theyre doing is at least interesting. I don't know if its physics or metaphysics or something else entirely, and it may be just empty tail-chasing, but I reckon its at least worth paying some attention to.
† and he's also built a long-term business making and selling extremely capable maths tooling, of all things, which I think is worth some respect
throwaway132448•Feb 7, 2026
Fair enough. However I feel that there are plenty of others we could give our finite attention to, from who we would derive as much or more benefit from. So that’s what I’ll do, with no net loss for me.
inimino•Feb 7, 2026
And you thought your decision to not1 read the article was worth sharing why?
At least Wolfram's ego led him to contribute something interesting.
throwaway132448•Feb 7, 2026
It’s called “being the change you want to see”. I want to see less ego, so I’m telling those who are the opposite that it has downsides.
globalnode•Feb 7, 2026
yeah i get the emotional push back but putting that aside, he still seems fairly well accomplished, more-so than me by a long shot and at least he is throwing nerdy ideas out there we can think about or discuss.
lupire•Feb 7, 2026
Wolframology is the study of Stephen Wolfram.
api•Feb 7, 2026
Wolfram is one of those somewhat unfortunate characters who is both an off the charts narcissist and actually smart. He has some actually interesting ideas, but they are drowned by his weird egomania.
I recall years ago a "Wolfram drinking game" where you take a shot when he talks about how he was a childhood prodigy, etc.
Another big gripe I have with him is that being a narcissist he implicitly takes a lot of credit for other peoples' ideas. I'm not even sure he knows he's doing it. He builds on and incorporates a ton of ideas from mathematics, theoretical CS, and theoretical biology, and kind of launders them by slapping his own peculiar terminology and personal brand on them.
But most extreme narcissists are purely derivative, often to the point of being outright grifters and con men. He at least has some ideas and contributions of his own and most of his wealth is the result of actually doing things not running grifts. I'll give him credit for that.
old8man•Feb 7, 2026
Ruliology provides a powerful descriptive framework - a taxonomy of computational behavior. However, it operates at the level of external dynamics without grounding in a primitive ontology. It tells us that rules behave, not why they exist or what they fundamentally are.
This makes ruliology an invaluable cartography of the computational landscape, but not a foundation. It maps the territory without explaining what the territory is made of.
voxleone•Feb 7, 2026
I don't get the down voting. Yes, it lacks primitive ontology, exactly.
mvr123456•Feb 7, 2026
Sure, it's typical Wolfram, inviting the typical criticism. If you can understand what he's talking about at all then you won't be very convinced it's new. If you can't understand what he's talking about, then you also won't be interested in the puffery and priority dispute.
Wolfram's eulogy will be titled: "A life wasted on cellular automata"
psychoslave•Feb 7, 2026
Thanks for the laugh. :D
stabbles•Feb 7, 2026
Whenever Wolfram brings up cellular automata again, I think of John Conway who got tired of being known for Conway's Game of Life.
libertine•Feb 7, 2026
That seems quite a bold eulogy, no?
Isn't he well accomplished, and prolific throughout his life?
psychoslave•Feb 7, 2026
Always found this term sounded like a half-backed one. I get that going full greek roots with nomology was a dead end due to prior art. But "regularology" was probably free, or even at the time "regulogy" or "regology" though by now they are attached to different notions.
I’m involved in the development of the Functional Universe (FU) framework [0], and I see some interesting intersections with Wolfram’s ruliology.
Both start from the idea that simple rules / functions can generate complex structure. Where FU adds a twist is by making a sharp distinction between possibility and history. In FU, we separate aggregation (the space of all admissible transitions - superpositions, virtual processes, rule applications) from composition (the irreversible commitment of one transition that actually enters history).
You can think of ruliology as exploring the space of possible rule evolutions, while FU focuses on how one path gets selected and becomes real, advancing proper time and building causal structure. Rules generate possibilities; commitment creates facts.
So they’re not the same thing, but I think they’re complementary: ruliology studies the landscape of rules, FU studies the boundary where possibility turns into irreversible history.
15 Comments
Didn't find anything on falsifiable criteria -- any new theory should be able, at least in theory, to be tested for being not true.
As for falsifiability:
> You have some particular kind of rule. And it looks as if it’s only going to behave in some particular way. But no, eventually you find a case where it does something completely different, and unexpected.
So I guess to falsify a theory about some rule you just have to run the rule long enough to see something the theory doesn't predict.
https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/200207/stephen_wolframs_unfor...
You judge them by how useful they are.
Ruliology is a bit like that.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky_hierarchy
But maybe it is more like fractals and emerging complex systems?
For some reason he doesn't like doing mathematical demonstrations so he shuns the practice of doing them, and invented a new word to describe that way of using formal systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system
Wolfram Mathematica (the Jupyter Notebook-like development environment) is paid, but there are free and open source alternatives like https://github.com/WLJSTeam/wolfram-js-frontend.
> WLJS Notebook ... [is] A lightweight, cross-platform alternative to Mathematica, built using open-source tools and the free Wolfram Engine.
https://www.wolframalpha.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_New_Kind_of_Science
But exactly what is the problem here? Other than perhaps a very mechanical view of the universe (which he shares with many other authors) where it is hard to explain things like consciousness and other complex behaviors.
The first programs he wrote for the Atlas and the Mark II ("the Baby"), seem to have been focused on a theory he had around how animals got their markings.
They look a little to me (as a non-expert in these areas, and reading them in a museum over about 15 minutes, not doing a deep analysis), like a primitive form of cellular automata algorithm. From the scrawls on the print outs, it's possible that he was playing with the space of algorithms not just the algorithms themselves.
It might be worth going back and looking at that early work he did and seeing it through this lens.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction%E2%80%93diffusion_sys...
The idea iiuc, is that pattern formation in animals depends on molecules diffusing through the growing system (the body) and reacting where the waves of molecules overlap.
More recently I've gotten into all sorts of debates on HN by people who like Searle. Often the argument goes "Turing is all wrong, he knows nothing about biology."
Turns out towards the end of his life he was applying his knowledge to biology. Most of which experimentally verified, besides!
(ps. just to be sure: Never wondered how DNA encodes the trick? You started out as a clump of cells, all the same. How did one part decide to become the tip of your nose, and the other the tips of your toes? Segmentation controlled by Turing patterns all the way down!)
Homeobox genes, right?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphogenesis
Yes, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphoge...
But also:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_plan#Genetic_basis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeobox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hox_gene
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_regulatory_network
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_potency
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evo-devo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydqReeTV_vk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_system
Formal Systems is the study of logical systems themselves.
Ruliology is a study of what actual systems do.
It's doing the arithmetic computations and looking at the results, not the abstract algebra.
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtles_All_the_Way_Down
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Getting_to_Philosoph...
https://xefer.com/2011/05/wikipedia
https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-2013/projects2013/cs2...
https://youtu.be/kz7DfbOuvOM
https://youtu.be/wQbFkAkThGk
Respectfully, I think that is a mistake.
Yes, he frequently exhibits an ego the size of Jupiter. But he is very smart†, and he writes well, and this stuff that theyre doing is at least interesting. I don't know if its physics or metaphysics or something else entirely, and it may be just empty tail-chasing, but I reckon its at least worth paying some attention to.
† and he's also built a long-term business making and selling extremely capable maths tooling, of all things, which I think is worth some respect
At least Wolfram's ego led him to contribute something interesting.
I recall years ago a "Wolfram drinking game" where you take a shot when he talks about how he was a childhood prodigy, etc.
Another big gripe I have with him is that being a narcissist he implicitly takes a lot of credit for other peoples' ideas. I'm not even sure he knows he's doing it. He builds on and incorporates a ton of ideas from mathematics, theoretical CS, and theoretical biology, and kind of launders them by slapping his own peculiar terminology and personal brand on them.
But most extreme narcissists are purely derivative, often to the point of being outright grifters and con men. He at least has some ideas and contributions of his own and most of his wealth is the result of actually doing things not running grifts. I'll give him credit for that.
This makes ruliology an invaluable cartography of the computational landscape, but not a foundation. It maps the territory without explaining what the territory is made of.
The rest of his stuff tagged ruliology is more interesting though. Here's one connecting ML and cellular automata: https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2024/08/whats-really-goi...
Isn't he well accomplished, and prolific throughout his life?
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/regula#Latin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomology
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/ro/properties/http%253... https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/regology
Both start from the idea that simple rules / functions can generate complex structure. Where FU adds a twist is by making a sharp distinction between possibility and history. In FU, we separate aggregation (the space of all admissible transitions - superpositions, virtual processes, rule applications) from composition (the irreversible commitment of one transition that actually enters history).
You can think of ruliology as exploring the space of possible rule evolutions, while FU focuses on how one path gets selected and becomes real, advancing proper time and building causal structure. Rules generate possibilities; commitment creates facts.
So they’re not the same thing, but I think they’re complementary: ruliology studies the landscape of rules, FU studies the boundary where possibility turns into irreversible history.
[0]https://github.com/VoxleOne/FunctionalUniverse/blob/main/doc...